Nikolay Bogolyubov.html



Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov
Born	21 August 1909(1909-08-21) Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
Died	February 13, 1992 (aged 82) Moscow, Russia
Nationality	Russia  Ukraine  USSR  Russia
Fields	Theoretical Physics, Mathematics
Institutions	Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna
Alma mater	Academy of Science of Ukrainian SSR Moscow State University
Doctoral advisor	Nikolay Krylov
Doctoral students	Dmitry Zubarev Sergei Tyablikov Dmitry Shirkov
Known for	significant contribution to quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, superconductivity, superfluidity; Bogoliubov transformation Krylov-Bogolyubov theorem BBGKY hierarchy
Notable awards	USSR State Prize (1947, 1953, 1984) Lenin Prize (1958) Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1979) Max Planck Medal (1973) Lomonosov Gold Medal (1985) Dirac Medal (1992).

Nikolay Nikolaevich Bogoliubov (Russian: Николай Николаевич Боголюбов, Ukrainian: Микола Миколайович Боголюбов) (21 August 1909, Nizhny Novgorod — 13 February 1992, Moscow) was a Russian and Ukrainian mathematician and theoretical physicist known for a significant contribution to quantum field theory, statistical field theory, and dynamical systems; a recipient of the Dirac Prize (1992).

Biography

Nikolay Bogoliubov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia in 1909. His family moved to Kiev in 1921, where after graduation from a high school he began an independent study of mathematics and physics and attended seminars at the Kiev University. In 1924 he wrote his first published scientific paper. In 1925 he entered Ph.D. program at the Academy of Science of Ukrainian SSR, from which he graduated in 1929.

Nikolay Bogoliubov was a student of a famous Soviet mathematician Nikolay Mitrofanovich Krylov. Krylov and Bogoliubov were the key figures in what is called the Kiev School of nonlinear oscillation research. Their cooperation resulted in the paper "On the quasiperiodic solutions of the equations of nonlinear mechanics" (1934) and the book Introduction to Nonlinear Mechanics^{book 1} (1937; translated into English in 1947). Distinctive features of the Kiev School approach included an emphasis on the computation of solutions (not just proof of existence), on the approximation of periodic solutions, on invariant manifolds in phase space, and on applying similar methods to many different applications. From a control engineering point of view, the key achievement of the Kiev School was the development by Krylov and Bogoliubov of the describing function method for the analysis of nonlinear control problems.

In the late 1940s and 1950s Bogoliubov worked on the theory of superfluidity and superconductivity. Later he worked on quantum field theory, where in particular introduced the Bogoliubov transformation. In the 1960s his attention turned to the quark model of hadrons; in 1965 he was one of the first to study the new quantum number color charge.

Together with Dmitry Blokhintsev, Nikolay Bogoliubov was a founder and the first director of the Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics in the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. This laboratory, where Nikolay Bogoliubov worked for a long time, has traditionally been the home of the prominent Russian schools in quantum field theory, theoretical nuclear physics, statistical physics, and nonlinear mechanics.

Students

Nikolay Bogoliubov was a scientific supervisor¹ of Yurii Mitropolsky, Dmitry Shirkov, Selim Krein, Iosif Gihman, Naftul Polsky, Galina Biryuk, Sergei Tyablikov, Dmitry Zubarev, and many other students. His method of teaching, based on creation of a warmth atmosphere, politeness and kindness, is famous in Russia and is known as the "Bogoliubov approach".

Contribution to the world science

Fundamental works of Nikolay Bogoliubov were devoted to asymptotic methods of nonlinear mechanics, quantum field theory, statistical field theory, variational calculus, approximation methods in mathematical analysis, equations of mathematical physics, theory of stability, theory of dynamical systems and many other areas.

He built a new theory of scattering matrices, formulated concepts of microscopical causality, obtained important results in quantum electrodynamics, and investigated dispersion relations that have important meaning in elementary particle theory (edge-of-the-wedge theorem). He investigated a new synthesis of the Bohr theory of quasiperiodic functions and developed methods for asymptotic integration of nonlinear differential equations which describe oscillating processes.

Statistical mechanics

• In 1946 he developed a general method for microscopic derivation of kinetic equations for classical systems^{paper 1}. The method was based on the hierarhy of equations for multi-particle distribution functions known now as Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy.

• In 1947 jointly with K. P. Gurov he generalized this method to derivation of kinetic equations for quantum systems using quantum version of BBGKY hierarchy^{paper 2}.

• In 1947 he introduced kinetic equations in the theory of superfluidity^{paper 3}.

• In 1958 he formulated a microscopic theory of superconductivity^{paper 4book 2} and established an analogy between superconductivity and superfluidity phenomena.

Fundamental publications

Books

• N.N. Bogoliubov (1945): On Some Statistical Methods in Mathematical Physics, Kyiv (in Russian).
• N.N. Bogoliubov (1960): Problems of Dynamic Theory in Statistical Physics, Oak Ridge, Tenn., Technical Information Service.
• N.N. Bogoliubov (1949): Lectures on Quantum Statistics. Problems of Statistical Mechanics of Quantum Systems, Kyiv (in Ukrainian); New York, Gordon and Breach [1967-70] (English Transl.).
• N.N. Bogoliubov, Y.A. Mitropolsky (1961): Asymptotic Methods in the Theory of Non-Linear Oscillations. Gordon and Breach, New York.
• N.N. Bogoliubov, D.V. Shirkov (1980): Introduction to the Theory of Quantized Field. John Wiley & Sons Inc; 3rd edition. ISBN 0471042234. ISBN 9780471042235.
• N.N. Bogoliubov, B.V. Medvedev, M. K. Polivanov (1958): Problems in the Theory of Dispersion Relations, Institute for Advanced Studies, Princeton.
• N.N. Bogoliubov, D.V. Shirkov (1959): The Theory of Quantized Fields, Interscience, New York. The first text-book on the renormalization group theory.
• N.N. Bogoliubov, A.A. Logunov and I.T. Todorov (1975): Introduction to Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory, Reading, Mass.: W. A. Benjamin, Advanced Book Program. ISBN 9780805309829. ISBN 0805309829.
• N.N. Bogoliubov, A.A. Logunov, A.I. Oksak, I.T. Todorov (1990): General Principles of Quantum Field Theory, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht [Holland]; Boston.
• N.N. Bogoliubov, D.V. Shirkov (2005): Quantum Fields, 3rd edition, Moscow (Russian). Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, 1st edition, ISBN 0805309837 (1982) (English).
• N.N. Bogolubov and N.N. Bogolubov, Jnr. (1992): Introduction to Quantum Statistical Mechanics. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. ISBN 2881248799.

Selected papers

• Equations of Hydrodynamics in Statistical Mechanics (in Russian), Sbornik trudov Instituta Matematiki AN CCCP, 10, 41, 1948.
• On Question about Superfluidity Condition in the Nuclear Matter Theory, Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, 119, 52, 1958.
• On One Variational Principle in Many Body Problem (in Russian), Doklady Akademii Nauk USSR, 119, N2, 244, 1959.
• On Compensation Principle in the Method of Selfconformed Field (in Russian), Uspekhi Fizicheskhih Nauk, 67, N4, 549, 1959.
• The Quasi-averages in Problems of Statistical Mechanics (in Russian), Preprint D-781, JINR, Dubna, 1961.
• On the Hydrodynamics of a Superfluiding (in Russian), Preprint P-1395, JINR, Dubna, 1963.

Awards

N.N. Bogoliubov was a recipient of various USSR highest honors and international awards, including

• Hero of Socialist Labor (1969, 1979).
• Lenin Prize (1958).
• USSR State Prize (1947, 1953, 1984).
• The Lomonosov Gold Medal (1985).
• Max Planck medal (1973).
• Dirac Prize (1992).

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research awards the Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov Prize in honour of Nikolay Bogoliubov for scientists with outstanding contribution to theoretical physics and applied mathematics.

See also

• Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy
• Bogoliubov causality condition
• Bogoliubov inequality
• Bogoliubov transformation
• Krylov-Bogoliubov theorem

References

• Halanay, Aristide. "Book Review". Bulletin of the AMS. Retrieved on January 29, 2006.

External links

• Nikolay Bogolyubov at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
• N.N. Bogoliubov biography at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russian).
• N.N. Bogoliubov (Russian)
• Short information about N.N. Bogoliubov (Russian)
• The role of Nikolay Bogoliubov in Dubna's Russian Orthodox Christian church (Russian)